Some medical uses of synthetic capsaicin

2022-12-13 18:15

A large number of studies have shown that synthetic capsaicin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as analgesia, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, myocardial protection and blood pressure regulation. Studies have shown that capsaicin has significant therapeutic effects on post-herpetic nerves, trigeminal nerves, diabetic nerves, osteoarthritis, hair loss, etc., and can be used for anesthesia and detoxification. Intravesical infusion of capsaicin solution can treat neurogenic overactive bladder and hyperalgesia, and can relieve symptoms for a long time. The pain lasts for 6 hours, while capsaicin can last for 7-10 hours. Capsaicin has some adverse reactions. Its effect on the respiratory membrane can cause symptoms such as sneezing, epistaxis, coughing, tearing and dyspnea. Capsaicin acts on the skin to produce a burning sensation, causing local congestion and even neurogenic inflammatory reactions.

The pharmacology of synthetic capsaicin is complex. Interestingly, different doses of capsaicin or different periods of capsaicin administration have very different effects on the body. The initial application of synthetic capsaicin causes the patient to feel a burning sensation, applying it topically to the area. The blood vessels dilate, forming a hyperalgesic area and causing a neurogenic inflammatory response. With the continued use of capsaicin, the neurons become sluggish and unresponsive to capsaicin and some other noxious stimuli, resulting in a "hypersensitive" effect. Capsaicin has a strong stimulatory effect on CSAN in small doses, but in large doses it can cause excessive release of neurotransmitters, leading to long-term damage to CSAN and loss of information afferent function, known as chemical "denervation" of capsaicin action. Capsaicin is also an excitotoxin. Overdose has a neurotoxic effect, which can cause fibrosis and necrosis of afferent nerves, and this effect is irreversible. The use of large doses of capsaicin in newborn animals will make some parts of the body larger than others. Small neuronal cell death, which in turn causes permanent analgesia in animals. The dosage and pharmacological effects of capsaicin are the focus of current research. Most scholars have reported that a dose of capsaicin ≥50 mg/kg can cause a chemical "denervation" effect in rats. Richeux et al. found that 29.3 µmol/L capsaicin prevented cells from binding to α-1 acid glycoprotein, 50 µmol/L capsaicin induced DNA chain breaks, synthetic capsaicin inhibited 50% of protein synthesis, DNA chain breaks or damage led to nerve cell death or gene mutation, and in addition to nerve cells, high concentrations of capsaicin can also inhibit protein synthesis in monkey kidney cells and squamous epithelial cells.

The effect of synthetic capsaicin on the gastric membrane is related to the dose of capsaicin. Studies have shown that when a small dose of capsaicin is injected into the stomach of rats, it has an early protective effect on the gastric membrane and accelerates the repair of the gastric membrane, but this effect is weakened or disappears after a large dose of capsaicin "denervation". The administration of capsaicin decoction has the effect of promoting the healing of acute gastric membrane damage in rats caused by hydrochloric acid. The membrane damage induced by gastric hydrochloric acid ethanol is alleviated after the application of capsaicin. When the concentration of capsaicin exceeds 0.6 g/L, it shows a concentration-related membrane protective effect; the study also found that the protective effect of capsaicin on gastric membrane damage caused by hydrochloric acid ethanol is significantly weakened or even completely disappeared after the administration of indomethacin or nerve paralysis first. Pre-administration of capsaicin can effectively alleviate gastric membrane damage caused by hemorrhagic shock, while pre-administration of capsaicin produces a "denervation" effect, which makes the protective effect of capsaicin on the gastric membrane disappear.

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